Chapter 5.2 vocabulary and questions. Energy Flow in Ecosystems

Instructions: Define all vocabulary words and answer all questions.

For Honors Students: Make an outline of the chapter section but make sure it contains the following vocabulary and answers the following questions.

40 items, 2.5 points each.

Assigned Thursdayday, November 15, 2007. Due Monday, November 19^th.

Vocabulary:

1. Carbon cycle

2. Carbonates

3. Carbon sinks

4. Fossil fuels

5. Nitrogen fixing bacteria

6. Nitrogen cycle

7. decomposers

8. atmospheric

9. Nodules

10. legumes

11. phosphorus cycle

12. algal bloom

Questions:

Carbon cycle

1. What does cycle mean to you?

2. What nutrients are made up of carbon?

3. What role do plants lay in the carbon cycle?

4. What is limestone made of?

5. What takes carbon out of the atmosphere?

6. How do plants use carbon dioxide?

7. What role do humans play in the carbon cycle?

8. Describe the long term carbon cycle.

9. How much has the concentration of carbon dioxide increased in the last 150 years?

10. How much is this expected to raise the temperature of earth?

Nitrogen cycle

11. Why do we need nitrogen?

12. How is nitrogen fixed?

13. Why are nodules important?

14. Where do bacteria get nitrogen?

15. Where do plants get nitrogen?

16. Where do animals get nitrogen?

17. How does nitrogen return to the air?

18. What are some waste products that contain nitrogen?

19. What is the chemical formula for nitrogen in the air?

20. What is the chemical formula for nitrogen after bacteria transform it?

Phosphorus cycle

21. How do we use phosphorus?

22. How do plats get phosphorus?

23. How do animals get phosphorus?

24. Describe the phosphate cycle.

25. What is apatite in regard to minerals?

26. Which of the three cycles are manipulated with fertilizers?

27. How do algal blooms threaten an environment?

28. How do humans contribute to acid rain?

29. Could acid rain occur naturally?

Chapter 5.1 vocab and questions. Energy Flow in Ecosystems

Instructions: Define all vocabulary words and answer all questions.

For Honors Students: Make an outline of the chapter section but make sure it contains the following vocabulary and answers the following questions.

Assigned 11-13-07, due Thursday 11-15-07

Vocabulary:

1. Photosynthesis

2. Carbohydrates

3. Producer

4. autotroph

5. Consumer

6. Heterotrophs

7. Herbivores

8. Carnivores

9. Omnivores

10. Decomposer

11. Cellular respiration

12. Respiration

13. Chemical equations

14. Reactants

15. Products

16. biological magnification

17. food chain

18. food web

19. trophic level

Questions:

1. What is the ultimate source of energy for most organisms?

2. What are the exceptions to this generality?

3. What are 3 thisngs necessary for photosynthesis to occur?

4. What are the products of photosynthesis?

5. __________ is a molecule that stores energy.

6. How much berries could a 200kg grizzly bear in a day? (p.119)

7. How is photosynthesis related to cellular respiration?

8. How do you use energy?

9. How does our body store energy?

10. How many calories are in a gram of carbohydrates?

11. How many calories are in a gram of protein?

12. How many calories are in a gram of fat?

13. Does DDT dissolve more in water or fat?

14. Why did we ban the use of DDT?

15. If DDT is banned in the United States, how some birds from here exposed to this pesticide?

16. In a food chain, how is energy transferred from one organism to another?

17. How much energy is lost each time you move on to another trophic level?

18. What does an trophic level have to do with an energy pyramid?

19. What is at the base of every energy pyramid?

20. Why is each level in an energy pyramid smaller than the level below it?

21. To what kingdom do producers in the ocean belong?

Week 12, Environmental Science, Mr. Vaught

Objectives:

1. HFACEnvironmentalScience.blogspot.com

2. review chapter 4, Ecosystems, Evolution, and diversity of life (Kingdoms).

3. Continue worm bin/observation

4. Extra credit: field guide and community garden

5. present energy papers.

Monday: 110507

Observe worms

Environmental Art project, photos

Turn in:

Handouts:

Homework: finish 4.3 vocab and questions

Tuesday: 110607

Observe worms

Turn in 4.3 vocab and questions

Talk about 4.2 and 4.3

Handout: sea water lab guideline, due Monday Nov. 12^th.

Homework:

Wednesday: 110707

Go to community garden and answer questions on ecosystems (back of quiz 4.1)

Observe worms

Homework: Review for chapter 4, due Friday Nov 9^th.

Thursday: 110807

Quiz 4.2, 4.3, grade in class and turn in.

Energy presentations.

Homework: finish review 4.

Friday: 110907

Observe worm

Turn in review 4, grade in class and return.

Energy presentations

Discuss scientific notation?

homework: finish salt-water lab report, study for exam.

Environmental Journal Topics

110507 In your opinion, what are 3 elements of art.

110607 What is the difference between artificial selection and resistance?

110707 Arrange the following vocabulary words in order from least to most complex. Poulation, organism, biosphere, community, and ecosystem.

110807 If a squirrel nests under your desk, and this allows it to survive and produce more offspring than other squirrels in the area, has the squirrel evolved?

110907 What might hummingbirds have coevolved with? Is this a lower plant, a gymnosperm, or an angiosperm?

Long term project/Lab: Inferring the Effects of Earthworm Activity

Chapter 4 review for exam.

Due on Friday, Nov 9^th.

Answer each question and then use it to study for the exam.

General test

1. What is a trait that increases an organism’s chance of survival called?

2. A change in the genetic characteristics in a population from one generation to the next is called ___________.

3. __________ is a trait unintentionally selected by humans.

4. ­­­___________ is a process that causes the characteristics of a population to change in a way controlled by humans.

5. A process that causes the characteristics of a population to change without human control is called _______________.

6. List three examples of vertebrates.

7. ___________ are invertebrates that are generally small, allowing them to subsist on very little food and to hide from enemies.

8. What are two things animals do for angiosperms?

9. What are the six different kingdoms?

10. Give three examples of lower plants.

11. List 2 biotic and 2 abiotic components of a desert ecosystem.

12. True or False. Water, air, and sand are abiotic factors in an ecosystem.

13. How do you define a population?

14. Natural selection is the unequal survival that results from the presence or absence of ­­­­_______________.

15. What is a habitat and what does it provide for an organism?

16. Which two kingdoms contain organisms that break down dead organisms?

17. Which two kingdoms use chlorophyll to convert energy from the sun into food?

18. When bacteria develop a resistance to an antibiotic they are no longer killed by the antibiotic. Is this an example of evolution or the development of unwanted adaptations or both?

19. To which kingdom does blue-green algae belong?

20. Which kingdom has single-celled organisms with cell walls but no nuclei?

Honors Students

Chapter 4 review for exam.

At a minimum, mentally review each topic below. If you can not answer it with your notes use the book or ask me. It might be helpful to review this with a fellow honors student.

Honor’s students do not have to turn in a review if you are receiving As or Bs on exams. If you receive less than a B on an exam I may require a written review in the future. Does this sound fair?

Which kingdom

1. Has a species that causes malaria?

2. Provides most of the food we eat?

3. Contains vertebrates?

4. Contains E.coli?

5. Can cause athletes foot?

List three examples of and three characteristics of

6. plants

   1. lower plants

   2. gymnosperms

   3. angiosperms

7. animals

   1. vertebrates

   2. invertebrates

8. fungi

9. archaebacteria

10. eubacteria

11. protists

Which kingdom provides most food in the ocean?

Which kingdom provides most food on land?

Why are insects such successful animals?

Define and give three examples of

1. Organism

2. Population

3. Community

4. Ecosystem

Which of the above four terms are made of biotic components?

What are examples of abiotic components of an ecosystem?

What does a habitat provide for a species?

Describe the process of natural selection.

How is resistance related to adaptation?

Explain coevolution.

What are 5 components a ecosystem must have to survive?

Salt water saturation. Lab guideline.

Handout 11-06-07. Due Monday, 11-12-07.

Your lab report should have six sections. Below are the six sections and some of the questions that should be answered in each section. It should be written as a report of what you did, not as a series of questions and answers. You should answer the questions in complete sentences instead of asking the questions again in your report.

Many students were absent at least one of the two days we worked on the lab. If you were absent on those days or had questions about the lab it was your responsibility to come during advisory or after school to make up the lab or ask questions.

Observation:

Why were we initially interested in the topic?

We made 3.5% salt water and we tried to make 100% salt water. What happened when we mixed 1g of water with 1g of salt?

What does soluble mean?

What does saturated mean?

How much salt can we put in water before we reach the point where it is no longer soluble?

Hypothesis:

A hypothesis is a statement that can be tested by experimentation. Such as:

I think water will be saturated at X% salt.

If we start with a volume of water and slowly add salt while stirring we will eventually get to a point where the salt will no longer dissolve.

Experiment:

The experimental section should tell exactly how you did the experiment. The more details you have here the better. You should have enough details so that someone else could read your procedure and repeat the experiment and get the same results.

Procedure

How much water will we start with?

If we convert this to grams, how much would this weigh?

Why did we use this amount?

What was the salt concentration initially?

We added salt in small increments. How much did we add at a time?

How long did we stir the solution before it was dissolved?

What percentage of salt did this make?

Was it all soluble?

How did the experiment procede after that initial step?

How much salt had we added when we noticed it was no longer soluble?

How long did we stir the solution before we decided that the solution was not soluble?

What was the experimentally determined range of the limit of solubility?

Did we take steps to further narrow this range?

If so, what were they?

Data and experimental observations

What salt concentrations did we attempt to make and which ones were soluble?

Analysis:

Is it possible to graph or chart the data so that it can be seen visually?

Conclusions:

You should express the results here.

Was you hypothesis accepted or rejected?

It is fine if your hypothesis is rejected. This just means that you learned something that you did not anticipate.

You did not find the exact maximum solubility of salt in water but you can express your results as a range. For example, the maximum solubility of salt in water is between X and Y%.

Repeat:

Is it necessary to repeat the experiment?

What could be gained by repeating the experiment?

Are there any related experiments that you can think of?

What temperature was the water in our experiment?

Do you think the solubility would the same at different temperatures?

Week 11, Environmental Science, Mr. Vaught

Objectives:

1. review chapter 3

2. exam 3 geosphere and atmosphere and how the biosphere and hydrosphere interact.

3. Continue worm bin/observation

4. Extra credit: field guide and community garden

5. introduction to rounding numbers and scientific notation.

Monday: 102907

Observe worms

Turn in:

Handouts: Vocabulary/questions 4.1

Homework: finish chapter 3 review, 4.1 vocab and questions, finish paper.

Tuesday: 103007

Observe worms

Turn in Energy Paper, chapter 3 review, homework 4.1

Exam chapter 3

Talk about environmental art project, collecting materials for project on Friday.

Handout:

Homework: look up Andy Goldsworthy and bring ideas for environmental art project.

Wednesday: 103107

Discuss 4.2

Talk about presenting paper topics and taking notes.

Observe worms

Homework: gather materials for Environmental art project, 4.2 vocab and questions

Thursday: 110107

Turn in art supplies

Quiz 4.1

Leaf color

Start presentations.

Homework: 4.3 vocab and questions

Friday: 110207

Observe worm

Quiz 4.1

Remind to make up quiz 3.3, exam 3, and make-up lab if you missed last Tues/Thurs

Energy presentations

If time permits, begin 4.3 discussion on Kingdoms.

Environmental Art Project moved to Monday

Discuss scientific notation

homework: 4.3

Environmental Journal Topics

102907 Are members of a community biotic or abiotic members of the ecosystem?

103007 Where is the ionosphere located and why is it important to us? (p69)

103107 How are natural selection and evolution related?

110107 What is the shortest period in which a population of Darwin’s Finches can evolve? (p. 98-99)

110207 Why did the Galapagos finches evolve so rapidly?

Also need to:

• make new seating charts

• make salt water handout by tuesday

• make chapter 3 review by Tuesday

• make 4.1 vocab and questions by Friday

Vocabulary

Long term project/Lab: Inferring the Effects of Earthworm Activity

Next time I have a substitute need to explain role of journals better. They are sometimes used to introduce topics not yet covered. One paragraph is sufficient.

Chapter 4.3 vocab and questions. The Diversity of living things

Instructions: Define all vocabulary words and answer all questions.

For Honors Students: Make an outline of the chapter section but make sure it contains the following vocabulary and answers the following questions.

Handout on 11-02-07, vocabulary due 11-05-07, questions due 11-06-07.

Friday Monday Tuesday

Vocabulary:

1. kingdom

2. cell

3. nucleus

4. cell wall

5. bacteria

6. nucleus

7. nuclei

8. fungus

9. fungi

10. chlorophyll

11. Protists

12. plants

13. vascular tissue

14. lower plants

15. gymnosperms

16. conifers

17. pollen

18. seeds

19. angiosperms

20. Animals

21. invertebrates

22. vertebrates

23. amphibians

24. Birds

25. Mammals

Questions: due Tuesday the 6^th of November

Bacteria

1. How many cells do bacteria have?

2. Do they have a cell wall?

3. How do bacteria reproduce?

4. What are the two main kinds of bacteria?

5. Do bacteria have nuclei?

6. Identify two important roles that bacteria play in our environment.

7. Do you have any bacteria in you?

8. What do E.coli look like?

Fungi

1. What is the role of the cell wall?

2. Can fungi make their own food from sunlight?

3. What is the role of the mushroom?

4. Draw what a fungus might look like, including the mushroom and the underground structure.

5. How do fungi get their food?

6. How do people use fungi?

Protists

1. What is the most infamous protest and why is it infamous?

2. What are the most important protests and why are they important?

3. Are protests single-cellular or multi-cellular?

4. Do protests contain chlorophyll?

Plants

1. Where does a plant get its resources?

2. Why does a plant need chlorophyll?

3. Why are most cells so small (microscopic)?

4. How are lower plants different than gymnosperms and angiosperms?

5. What are 3 adaptations that gymnosperms have made?

6. What is the reproductive structure of the gymnosperms?

7. How do we use gymnosperms?

8. What is the reproductive structure of the angiosperms?

9. Have you ever seen a grass flower?

10. How do people use angiosperms?

Animals

1. Name 3 important ways that animals are different than plants.

2. What are 5 reasons that insects are such successful animals?

3. Name 3 advantages of insects.

4. Name 3 disadvantages of insects.

5. What were the first vertebrates?

6. What were the first land vertebrates?

7. Which animals are warm-blooded?

8. Do the math practice on page 106. How many insects would reach adulthood?

Name the six kingdoms of life and give 2 characteristics of each.